The casing damage of production and injection wells affects the oil field production and development efficiency. The well casing damage is caused by its production or injection volume variation which is resulted by the stress concentration effect. It becomes difficult to determine the casing damage index boundaries of reducing the damaged casing pipe appearing probability. Using the method of large data mining, based on the "five effects" of the development factors to screen the index and data of the "damage" of the damage, the main development index and the correlation curve of the casing damage are set up, and the index limit of the occurrence of the casing damage is determined. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method is used to evaluate the risk of single well development factors. The coincidence rate of the historical data of high risk wells is above 70%, and the risk level of the single well casing damage is divided, so the adjustment and adjustment of the casing damage are more pertinent.